Reports Studies and Journal Articles Champion Articles Books News Articles Videos, Webinars & Podcasts State Court Statements on Racial Justice
Reports
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Reducing Racial Inequality in Crime and Justice: Science, Practice, and Policy, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, 2022.
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Race and Wrongful Convictions in the United States 2022, National Registry of Exonerations, September 2022.
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Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Criminal Justice System, National Conference of State Legislatures, May 2022.
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The Color of Justice: Racial and Ethnic Disparities in State Prisons, The Sentencing Project, Oct. 2021.
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Racial Disparities in Law Enforcement Stops, Public Policy Institute of California, Oct. 2021.
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Race and the Jury: Illegal Discrimination in Jury Selection, Equal Justice Initiative, 2021.
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The U.S. Criminal Justice System Disproportionately Hurts Native People: The Data, Visualized, Prison Policy Initiative, Oct. 2021.
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How race impacts who is detained pretrial, Prison Policy Initiative, Oct. 2020.
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Enduring Injustice: The Persistence of Racial Discrimination in the U.S. Death Penalty, Death Penalty Information Center, Sep. 2020.
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Conviction, Imprisonment, and Lost Earnings: How Involvement with the Criminal Justice System Deepens Inequality, Brennan Center for Justice, Sep. 2020.
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Racial Disparities in the Massachusetts Criminal Justice System, Criminal Justice Policy Program at Harvard Law School, Sep. 2020.
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Race to Justice, Citizens for Racial Equity in Washtenaw, Aug. 2020.
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Racial Inequities in New York Parole Supervision, Justice Lab at Columbia University, March 2020.
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Women’s Mass Incarceration: The Whole Pie 2019, Prison Policy Initiative, Oct. 2019.
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An Unjust Burden: The Disparate Treatment of Black Americans in the Criminal Justice System, Elizabeth Hinton, LeShae Henderson, and Cindy Reed, Vera Institute of Justice, 2018.
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The Color of Youth Transferred to the Adult Criminal Justice System: Policy & Practice Recommendations, National Association of Social Workers, 2018.
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Unequal Treatment: Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Miami-Dade Criminal Justice, ACLU Florida, July 2018.
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Demographic Differences in Sentencing: An Update to the 2012 Booker Report, United States Sentencing Comission, Nov. 2017.
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Disparities in Tribal Youth Incarceration, The Sentencing Project, Oct. 2017.
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Black Disparities in Youth Incarceration, The Sentencing Project, September 2017.
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Girlhood Interrupted: The Erasure of Black Girls’ Childhood, Center on Poverty and Inequality at Georgetown Law, June 2017.
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War Comes Home: The Excessive Militarization of American Policing, ACLU, 2014.
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Incorporating Racial Equity into Criminal Justice Reform, The Sentencing Project, October 2014.
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Race and Punishment: Racial Perceptions of Crime and Support for Punitive Policies, The Sentencing Project, 2014.
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Disproportionate Minority Contact in the Juvenile Justice System, The Sentencing Project, May 2014.
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Coming of Age with Stop and Frisk: Experiences, Self-Perceptions, and Public Safety Implications, Vera Institute of Justice, September 2013.
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Police Behavior During Traffic and Street Stops, 2011, U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2013.
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Addressing Racial Disparities in Incarceration, Marc Mauer, The Sentencing Project, September 2011.
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The Death Penalty in Black and White: Who Lives, Who Dies, Who Decides, Death Penalty Information Center, 1998.
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Racial Disparities in Federal Death Penalty Prosecutions 1988-1994, Death Penalty Information Center, 1994.
Studies and Journal Articles
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McGlynn-Wright et al., The Usual, Racialized Suspects: The Consequence of Police Contacts with Black and White Youth on Adult Arrest, Social Problems 69 (2), May 2022.
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Robert Stewart et al., Native Americans and Monetary Sanctions, The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2022.
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Young et al., Racial Disparities in Lifer Parole Outcomes: The Hidden Role of Professional Evaluations, Law & Social Inquiry 47(3), December 2021.
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Lett et al., Racial inequity in fatal US police shootings, 2015-2020, Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 2020.
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Pierson et al., A large-scale analysis of racial disparities in police stops across the United States, Nature Human Behavior, July 2020.
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L. Song Richardson, Review of Systemic Triage: Implicit Racial Bias in the Criminal Courtroom, The Yale Law Journal, 2017.
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Mark William Osler and Mark W. Bennett, A 'Holocaust in Slow Motion?' America's Mass Incarceration and the Role of Discretion, DePaul Journal for Social Justice; U of St. Thomas (Minnesota) Legal Studies Research Paper No. 14-30, 2014.
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Angela J. Davis, Professor of Law; American University Washington College of Law - In Search of Racial Justice: The Role of the Prosecutor, 2013.
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David A. Harris, Distinguished Faculty Scholar and Professor of Law; University of Pittsburgh School of Law - Across the Hudson: Taking The Stop and Frisk Debate Beyond New York City, 2013.
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Renée McDonald Hutchins, Associate Professor of Law; University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law - Stop Terry: Reasonable Suspicion, Race, and a Proposal to Limit Terry Stops, 2013.
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Cynthia E. Jones, Associate Professor; American University Washington College of Law - “Give Us Free”: Addressing Racial Disparities in Bail Determinations and Achieving Pretrial Justice, 2013.
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Michael Pinard, Professor; University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law - Criminal Records, Race and Redemption, 2013.
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Jonathan Rapping, Associate Professor; John Marshall Law School - Implicitly Unjust: How Defenders Can Affect Systemic Racist Assumptions, 2013.
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Andrew E. Taslitz, Professor of Law; American University Washington College of Law - “Curing” Own Race Bias: What Cognitive Science and the Henderson Case Teach About Improving Jurors’ Ability to Identify Race-Tainted Eyewitness Error, 2013.
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L. Song Richardson and Phillip Atiba Goff, Implicit Racial Bias in Public Defender Triage, The Yale Law Journal, 2013.
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Traci Schlesinger, Racial Disparities in Pretrial Diversion: An Analysis of Outcomes Among Men Charged with Felonies and Processed in State Courts, DePaul University, July 2013.
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Andrea D. Lyon, Race Bias and the Importance of Consciousness for Criminal Defense Attorneys, 35 SEATTLE U. L. REV. 755, 2012.
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Patricia G. Devine, Patrick S. Forscher, Anthony J. Austin and William T.L. Cox, Long-term reduction in implicit race bias: A prejudice habit-breaking intervention, 2012.
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Jerry Kang, et al. Implicit Bias in the Courtroom, UCLA Law Review, 2012.
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Samuel R. Sommers, On Racial Diversity and Group Decision Making: Identifying Multiple Effects of Racial Composition on Jury Deliberations, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2006.
NACDL Champion Articles
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Inside NACDL: Rooting Out Bias: How a Bad Stop Can Make Good Law, January/February 2019.
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How Defense Attorneys Can Eliminate Racial Disparities in Criminal Justice, June 2018.
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Making Sense of Pretrial Risk Assessments, June 2018.
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The Persistence of Discrimination in Jury Selection: Lessons from North Carolina and Beyond, June 2018.
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How Defense Attorneys Can Eliminate Racial Disparities in Criminal Justice, June 2018.
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From the President: Do As I Say, Not As I Do: The Persistent Lack of Diversity in Law Firms, May 2018.
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From the President: The Siren Song of Objectivity: Risk Assessment Tools and Racial Disparity, April 2018.
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From the President: See No Evil: Prosecution and Unchecked Discretion, January/February 2018.
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From the President: Coming and Going - Racial Disparity in the Punishment and Profit of Marijuana, December 2017.
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From the President: Predictive Policing: The Modernization of Historical Human Injustice, September/October 2017.
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Racial Disparities (includes seven articles), July 2013.
Books
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Biased: Uncovering the Hidden Prejudice That Shapes What We See, Think, and Do by Jennifer L. Eberhardt, 2020.
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Crook County: Racism and Injustice in America’s Largest Criminal Court by Nicole Gonzalez Van Cleve, 2016.
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Blindspot: Hidden Biases of Good People by Mahzarin R. Banagi and Anthony G. Greewald, 2013.
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Rise of the Warrior Cop: The Militarization of America's Police Forces by Radley Balko, 2013.
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The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness, Michelle Alexander, 2010.
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Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II by Douglas A. Blackmon, 2009.
News Articles
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Race and the Criminal Justice System in America, Axios, May 22, 2021.
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There's overwhelming evidence that the criminal-justice system is racist. Here's the proof. By Radley Balko, The Washington Post, June 10, 2020.
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Black Codes and Why They Matter Today by Nadra Kareem Nittle, ThoughtCo., Oct. 20, 2019.
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3 Ways the 1994 Crime Bill Continues to Hurt Communities of Color, American Progress, May 10, 2019.
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Criminal justice reform doesn’t end system’s racial bias, Leah Sakala and Nicole D. Porter, USA Today, Dec. 12, 2018.
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Do Public Defenders Spend Less Time on Black Clients? by Maurice Chammah, The Marshall Project, May 2, 2016.
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Teachers' implicit bias against black students starts in preschool, study finds by Yolanda Young, The Guardian, Oct. 4, 2016.
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Why is it so easy for prosecutors to strike black jurors? Gilad Edelman, The New Yorker, June 5, 2015.
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When 'Deshawn' and 'Greg' Act Out in Class, Guess Who Gets Branded a Troublemaker by Macrina Cooper-White, HuffPost, Apr. 21, 2015.
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Deadly Force in Black and White by Ryan Gabrielson, Eric Sagara, and Ryann Grochowski Jones, ProPublica, Oct. 10, 2014.
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Dear White Folks, Please Stop Being So 'Surprised' When White Cops Shoot Unarmed Black People by Chauncey DeVega, Daily Kos, September 29, 2014.
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When Whites Just Don’t Get It by Nicholas Kristof, The New York Times, Aug. 30, 2014.
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When Whites Just Don’t Get It, Part 2 by Nicholas Kristof, The New York Times, Sept. 6, 2014.
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When Whites Just Don’t Get It, Part 3 by Nicholas Kristof, The New York Times, Oct. 11, 2014.
Videos, Webinars & Podcasts
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Race and the Criminal Legal System: Race + Prosecution, NACDL, September 2021.
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Race and the Criminal Legal System: Racially Charged Misdemeanors, NACDL, June 2021.
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Racially Charged: America’s Misdemeanor Problem, Brave New Films, April 2021.
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Racist by Design: How Systemic Racism and Inherent Biases Manifest in AI, Machine Learning & Beyond, NACDL, April 2021.
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Race and the Criminal Legal System: Collateral Consequences Part II, NACDL, April 2021.
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Race and the Criminal Legal System: Collateral Consequences Part I, NACDL, April 2021.
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Race, Class and Attorney Client Privilege, NACDL, March 2021.
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Policing Black Bodies II: Race and Pretrial Practices, NACDL, July 2020.
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Policing Black Bodies: A Discussion on Race and the Criminal Justice System, NACDL, June 2020.
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Race Matters II Summit: Video Presentations, NACDL, 2019.
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Race Matters Summit: Video Presentations, NACDL, 2017.
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Unconscious Bias Juror Video, Western Washington District Court, 2017.
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Under Seige: Police Militarization and Ethnic and Racial Dynamics - Panel I - The Issues, NACDL, Oct. 2014.
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Under Seige: Police Militarization and Ethnic and Racial Dynamics - Panel II - Community Perspective and Solutions, NACDL, Oct. 2014.
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The Criminal Docket Episode 31: Groundbreaking Report on Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Criminal Justice System - Part I, July 2013.
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The Criminal Docket Episode 33: Groundbreaking Report on Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Criminal Justice System - Part II, Oct. 2013.
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The Criminal Docket Episode 34: Groundbreaking Report on Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Criminal Justice System - Part III, Nov. 2013.
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Slavery to Mass Incarceration, Equal Justice Initiative, July 2015.
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Discussions with DPIC: Professor Bharat Malkani Explores the Relationship Between Slavery and Slavery-Abolition Strategies and the Modern U.S. Death Penalty.
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Discussions with DPIC: Racial Discrimination in Death Penalty Jury Selection.
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Discussions with DPIC: The Duane Buck Case.
